Welcome to our new section of curiosities, knowledge and tips for sailors!
In this post, we are going to talk about the different types of sailing according to the angle of the wind. Adjust your sails and get ready to learn!
UPWIND COURSE
Upwind is to sail as close to the wind as possible, forming the least angle against its direction. This angle can vary depending on the type of boat, with 45 degrees being an average and 40 degrees for the most modern boats, with better design. Upwind, the mainsail and bow sail combine in a unique aerodynamic profile.
To determine the limit angle of upwind of our boat, we must limp until the luff of the jib begins to flutter, indicating the maximum upwind point according to the trim of the sails. On this course, the sails will be tighter and the sheets will be hunted to the maximum to keep the upwind, also known as upwind to rage, adjusting according to the strength of the wind and the waves
To sail upwind, you need to tack, passing your bow through the wind and changing course about 90 degrees.
The size of the mainsail is crucial in this course; If it is too large for the windy conditions, the boat will increase its heel and have a tendency to luff, signaling the need to reduce sail by means of a reef take. In short, good trim and handling of the sails upwind allows you to make the most of the boat’s potential and maintain an efficient course against the wind.
CROSSING COURSE
Sailing cross-heading involves receiving the wind directly from the side of the boat, at 90º from its direction. In this case, the sails are kept half open, and the bagging at the front of the sail provides great forward propulsion. The strength of the keel and hull is lower compared to upwind and quartering courses, which facilitates more efficient sailing. In dinghy sailing boats, lifting the daggerboard to mid-height can further reduce drag, allowing you to gain speed.
To optimize performance on a cross-course, the weight of the crew must be shifted towards the bow, lightening the stern. This adjustment contributes to a better balance of the boat. This course is known for being comfortable and highly efficient, allowing for fast and stable navigation without the need for complicated maneuvers.
FEL COURSE
Sailing on a fin course means maintaining an angle of about 150º with respect to the wind. In this situation, it is essential to hunt the trapa or contra to prevent the boom from rising, which would close the baluma. In high winds, roll can be a problem, requiring constant attention to the rudder. If you plan to maintain this course for a long time, it is advisable to use a retained in the mainsail to avoid an involuntary gybe. In addition, it is useful to move the weight towards the stern, including the crew, to improve stability.
Using the spinnaker on this heading can increase the swing effect. To counteract this, the foresail can be anchored, placing the pole to windward to flatten it a little, as too much pocketing would increase roll. These adjustments help to maintain a more stable and safer sailing on fin course, making the most of the wind without compromising the safety and control of the boat.
STERN HEADING
Sailing in a round stern means receiving the wind directly from the stern and moving in the same direction as the wind, 180º from its origin. This course is generally little used due to its slowness and greater risk of involuntary gybes, especially with waves. Therefore, it is usually more efficient and faster to sail on a fin course, gybing from one side to another. However, if you decide to stay in the round stern, it is advisable to anchor the jib and use a retained one in the mainsail to improve control.
For sailing in round stern, the sheets are launched to the maximum, opening the sails completely. The bow sail, being leeward of the mainsail, receives little wind, which can be solved by putting one sail to port and another to starboard, a technique known as sailing on donkey’s ears. On this course, the side opposite that of the boom is considered windward, which helps to maintain stability and prevent accidental maneuvers.
Every angle has its challenges and charms. Knowing them will help you optimize your navigation and enjoy the sea to the fullest.
The sea is ours!
